Philosophy Degree Careers When You Graduate from University

Theory Degree Careers When You Graduate from University Theory is a specialty of reasoning and thinking. A way of thinking degree isn't as well known as degrees in IT or Business these days since it is viewed as a good old order. Don’t imagine that the main thing you could do once your alumni with this degree is giving open discourses on some minor subjects. The capacity to dissect and impart thoughts in a coherent way is a valuable blessing. Numerous individuals come up short on this aptitude today. In this way, when you get selected the way of thinking program, don’t attempt to escape without gathering enough data. The best college list has rather low acknowledgment rates, so it is smarter to remain with the college you’ve got into. As a way of thinking major, you may proceed with the alumni work in this field. You can fill in as a college/teacher, representative, decoration, director, specialist, and in any event, advertising authority. Reasoning is firmly identified with human science and brain research, so the professions are comparable. These orders require inside and out examination abilities too, so the major may wind up mentoring in the exploration college like the University of Maryland. Aesthetic Sciences and network college would likewise be a pleasant choice for potential way of thinking instructors. In the event that there are such a large number of options, you may request the exhortation from your area of expertise. On the off chance that you simply plan to engage in the alumni program related with a way of thinking degree, become familiar with the necessities of your college. Additionally, look for the application subtleties. Top schools set lower acknowledgment rates from year to year. Concerning the vocation decision, you may discover how to pick your calling by perusing this helpful article. Presently, we recommend that each graduate investigates the sort of professions identified with your way of thinking degree. Investigate Philosophy Degree Careers to Decide What to Do After You Graduate from University As a matter of first importance, it may be interested to realize that a large portion of the way of thinking majors don't seek after way of thinking training at the alumni level. Thus, a college graduate may consider what they do with their abilities and information. Fulfilling and significant vocations are sitting tight for graduates with this degree. They just don’t perceive their chances yet. On the off chance that you have no clue about how to set up a triumphant affirmations exposition or resume with every one of your abilities and work experience recorded appropriately, you may get one from the resume and individual proclamation journalists on the web. We have gathered data and measurements from the top colleges which offer way of thinking degree programs. The overview helped us to characterize what kind of vocations draw in such majors the greater part of all. On the whole, we need to figure out what set of aptitudes is attractive when you attempt to land the position in the field associated with your degree: Relational abilities †98% Inspirational demeanor †97% Versatile and adaptable †92% Collaboration aptitudes †92% Objective situated †88% Vital reasoning examination †78% As should be obvious, it’s about viable correspondence and making due among individuals. On the off chance that you look on many work sites, you can see that many sets of expectations incorporate these aptitudes. It implies that a degree in theory is nearly as point of view as a degree in business or clinical confirmation. Graduates simply need to understand their chances and assign their assets accurately. Examination on Career Opportunities for Philosophy Graduate Vocations in Law The two attorneys and promoters require strong abilities which are educated inside any way of thinking program. To be perfectly honest talking, these vocations are the privilege of those understudies who put forth a valiant effort to increase a degree in law. In any case, there are a great deal of theory and brain science graduates among the agents of this field. What you can use as your pro of base is the rundown of good aptitudes picked up during your investigations at reasoning college program. Such alumni can compose obviously, break down and reflect data intelligently, and think of the contentions. In the event that you imagine that you need an additional degree in law, realize that way of thinking graduates have the most noteworthy acknowledgment rates with regards to Law Schools. Be that as it may, you don’t essentially need to make this stride. So as to turn into an expert in law, basically take a comparing reasoning course that has a characteristic connection with the law (morals, political theory), and so forth. Clinical and Health Care Careers Obviously, you’ll need additional instruction for this situation. Just clinical college can encourage all of you the significant medical problems. Simultaneously, there is no requirement for medical procedure or such an immediate treatment on the off chance that you have a way of thinking degree. From year to year, new experienced professionals and directors are required to help the adequacy of thousands of clinical focuses. You may fill in as a social insurance advisor. You should compose explicit proposals and control different regulatory procedures. College human sciences qualification is likewise a pleasant alternative for clinical vocations. Aside from the essential way of thinking courses, you’ll need to cover such issues as psychiatry, ophthalmology, orthopedics, dentistry, nervous system science, and malignant growth research. Professions in Local/State/Federal Government Numerous way of thinking majors see these openings for work as one of the most point of view and generously compensated. Having a way of thinking certificate, an alumni may join the Department of Transportation, the U.S. Atomic Regulatory Commissions, the Environmental Protections Agency, and so on. A smart thought might be to begin your entry level position when learning at the University. Such subject as political theory would be a decent expansion. Business-related Careers It was discovered that numerous effective representatives have acquired a degree in theory. Harvard Business School, for example, acknowledges this subject. You might need to attempt yourself as the stockbroker, financial speculator, advertising expert, land agent, and that's just the beginning. Different callings are accessible. Additionally, every way of thinking major has a serious edge in a meeting. IT Careers The field of Information Technology is fairly encouraging for some alumni. You may ponder what’s in like manner among IT and theory. Pretty much every college division has in any event one course identified with IT. Don’t miss the classes and go to additional courses at a PC school on the off chance that you are keen on IT professions. Rationale and subjective science are the two achievement factors. There are numerous different professions accessible for the college graduates with theory degree: remote assistance ministry non-administrative associations the scholarly world To accelerate the college or request for employment process and land the position you need, purchase a dazzling individual proclamation or CV from master scholars. Your adoration for theory is the main thing. In the event that you have this enthusiasm and all the necessary abilities, you will handily settle on your future professions.

Management Planning in TYCO Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The executives Planning in TYCO - Case Study Example The effectively thought out statement of purpose characterizes the key remarkable reason that sets TYCO separated from different firms of its sort and characterizes where the organization needs to be in the following 5 to 10 years. TYCO works on the worldwide market set apart by wild rivalry and consistent changes. Hence, TYCO utilizes arranging as one of the fundamental instruments which help it to arrive at the expressed objectives and targets. The execution of system happens at all degrees of the association, including both corporate and individual offices (www.tyco.com). Keeping that in mind, every office and bolster unit supplement and bolster each other (Marketing Planning, n.d.). Arranging includes such significant components of the executives as methodology detailing characterized s a progressing approach that joins both effective acts of the past with new and inventive ways to deal with what's to come. In TYCO, the midlevel director isn't the individual who is answerable for making corporate procedure. Or maybe, it is his duty to make an interpretation of corporate procedure enthusiastically. TYCO's center competency is to make remarkable items and administrations in contrast with its rivals (Planning 1995). In TYCO, all administrators wind up to a more prominent or lesser degree confronted with the test of attempting to adjust routine office obligations (i.e., calls, noting demands for data, and so forth.) with the need to finish hierarchical objectives and undertaking errands. So as to effectively design, the chief must be acceptable at building up needs. With that in mind, successful administrators practice great time the board aptitudes and put aside time to finish hierarchical objectives and undertaking errands. For example, TYCO's advisor should routinely adjust contending necessities in choosing advancements and administration merchants. The specialist, be that as it may, may decide to gauge the standards in an unexpected way, contingent upon the task and customer necessities (www.tyco.com). The arranging model agenda permits the expert to join an allocated numeric incentive for every merchant proposition across various classifications that can be totaled and scored and utilized a s a reason for correlation. The arranging capacity of the executives causes TYCO to sort out its exercises and execution as per outside and inward changes and market requests which impact the organization and its clients (Planning 1995). Toward the start of the 21st century, lawful issues, morals and corporate social obligation become the center of any business. Legitimate issues include industry necessities and item quality, item principles and worldwide guidelines. The globalization of monetary action has constrained TYCO to painstakingly think about its financial arrangements. The regular inspiration driving such administrative and monetary changes is the apparent wastefulness of focal arranging and government-ensured restraining infrastructures. One of the striking instances of lawful issues is TYCO's consistence with the worldwide value guidelines. Working on a worldwide scale, TYCO observes global guidelines and rules. For TYCO it is more with regards to execution based guideline - that is, to make prizes and motivating forces for successful utility administration. Value guideline has incorporated with the administrative structure an arrangement of remunerations and punishments. There are various approaches to work in motivators,

Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989

Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989Cool essay topics about Disney before 1989. Have you been looking for interesting topics on which to write a thesis paper? There are many Disney essays available to be used in schools, universities and colleges throughout the United States.If you're a teacher looking for an interesting topic for your students to read, write a Walt Disney essay topic is an excellent choice. You can read all of the current Disney literature that can assist you in learning more about the various characters and how they influence children's lives. This information can be used to help with the process of teaching a class or to use as supplemental information.While you may have a good grasp of the facts concerning Disney characters, you may need additional information that will assist you to research your topic better. That's where the internet comes in. You can obtain the most up-to-date facts regarding Walt Disney and you can read the articles in order to get the ideas flowing. You can also use the research and your own observations to write your Disney essay topic.Your professor may encourage you to research on some other Walt Disney characters. You may want to do some research into the costumes and make-up of those characters as well. They may have an excellent resource for you to use to find out more about their characters and their costumes. There are websites available that can help you in researching other topics about Disney.Before I discuss other Disney trivia, I should explain what I mean by 'Disney Trivia.' My emphasis in this section is 'Fiction.' Other instances of entertainment are in fact fiction but I would like to call attention to the fact that certain facts about Walt Disney and his work may not be so readily available.One of the major differences between truth and fiction is that a work of fiction can only exist if the readers are told it is real. In the case of Walt Disney, there are several people that claim to have bee n in direct contact with the Walt Disney Company. We have the Disney Tapes, Disney Trivia books and Walt Disney World. The closest that the general public has to meet the man behind the 'magic' is through the television program and the theme parks.Some Disney facts do indicate that the subject of Walt Disney was originally an animator. For instance, 'Walt was the first artist to animate a motion picture. He was probably influenced by early French animation of the mid-nineteenth century.'I hope you've enjoyed reading about some of the information that can assist you with your own research and writing. Remember, just because you might know everything there is to know about Walt Disney does not mean that you will have anything new to add to your students' essays. Use Disney facts and figure out for yourself what other areas of interest you have to write about.

The Lovely Bones, Othello And Rebecca Is Adultery

is an affair, Susie explains and hints throughout the novel as to why Len has the affair â€Å"If the case was still open – in his mind it was blank. There was nothing on the back of mine, there was nothing on the back of his wives.† Unlike Mrs Danvers and Iago, the reader can relate and sympathise with Lens situation as seen in the quote with the repetition of â€Å"Nothing† connoting a need for true love, making less of a Iago, Mrs Danvers antagonist and more of simply an obstacle with gets in the way of a relationship. One similarity however between Len and Mrs Danvers is that they have both lost the one that they loved, nonetheless in an attempt to cope with this they react in vastly different ways, though both destructive and emotionally scaring. Another hindrance of true love as seen in The Lovely Bones, Othello and Rebecca is adultery. Third party characters are seen launching the plot and the act of adultery is seen driving the plot into motion leading to the story’s climax. As we see in Othello, the women of Venice are portrayed in this era as sexually driven and untrustworthy. For example William Davis (1614) describes them as â€Å"Lude and wicked† It is this contextual knowledge that is the reason for the quick mistrust of Desdemona, unlike in Rebecca for example when the consensus at the time was one of a pure and perfect woman especially in Pre-war England and the Angel in the house concept at its near conclusion but still in force. The mention of adultery and seeds of

Violence Against Student Nurses and Newly Registered Nurses

Violence against student nurses and newly registered nurses Abstract Workplace violence toward student nurses and newly registered nurses must be eliminated. Nursing students and new nurses are particularly vulnerable to acts of violence. This article discusses the status of the workplace violence of nurses, the effects of violence on students and new nurses, and some strategies can be used to reduce the workplace violence to nurses. Keywords: student nurses, newly registered nurses, workplace violence Violence against student nurses and newly registered nurses The health industry may be one of the most violent industries in America. An American National Crime Victimization Survey on violence in the workplace from 1993 to 1999†¦show more content†¦Violence has been described as a process with three behavioral phases: baseline, a calm phase of normal demeanor prior to disturbance: preassault, when an individual becomes disturbed and displays verbal and nonverbal behaviors that indicate the threat of violence; and assault, or the acute excitement phase, when the individual displays out-of-control verbal and physical behavior (Disatsio, 2002). The goal of training is to recognize when an incident has reached the preassault phase and intercede, leaving the spiral of violence. According to the â€Å"Guidelines for Preventing Workplace Violence for Health Care amp; Social Service Workers† (2004) of Occupational Safety amp; Health Administration, Top-Down approach or Zero Tolerance program can be established to prevent workplace violence in hospital or other health care institutions. Workplace violence must be addressed starting at the top and working down. Workplace violence, verbal and nonverbal threats, and related action policies should be created and disseminated among all managers, supervisors, workers, clients, patients and visitors. Workplace violence is not part of being a nurse. Nursing is seen as a caring profession and, as such, we must be mindful to embrace the caring aspect of our profession and realize that caring is not just reserved for our patients. Caring must include our colleagues, coworkers, other collaborative healthcare professionals, and ourselves. Reference Baltimore, J.J. (2006).Show MoreRelatedThe Experience Of The Student Nurse Graduate1399 Words   |  6 Pagesthe student nurse graduate transition influences the importance as it will become their desire to continue practising as a registered nurse (Cleary et al. 2011, 2013). Even though the nursing degree’s clinical practice is a compulsory element of the undergraduate nursing program, it cannot be experienced from a registered nurse perspective, until nursing students have transitioned to a registered nurse. This imposes a change in roles and different expectations which causes concerns for student nurseRead MoreLateral Workplace Violence : Effective, Destructive, Or Harassment Behavior1344 Words   |  6 Pages Lateral workplace violence is described as aggressive, destructive, or harassment behavior in the workplace between nurses or other members of the interprofessional team (Yoder-Wise, 2015). This type of behavior can occur within every aspect of life including professional, social, and personal life. The behavior can include gossiping, withholding information, or ostracism extending outside of the workplace and can occur in person or in cyberspace (American Nursing Association, 2011). LateralRead MoreReflective Account of Increasing a Persons Observations on an Acute Mental Health Ward2567 Words   |  11 Pagespersonal knowledge that will inform further practice (Rolfe, 2011a). A pseudonym of Tim has been used for the discussed patient to maintain confidentiality in accordance with the NMC code of conduct (2010a). Observation is one way in which mental health nurses can protect acutely mentally ill inpatients from harm and is commonly implemented for patients who impose a risk of harming themselves, others and for those who are vulnerable (Bowers et al, 2006). Tim, who was on a local male acute ward, posed aRead MoreNursing Shortage And Increased Workload Essay2656 Words   |  11 Pagesare experiencing nurse shortage and increased workloads because of shorter hospital stays, fewer support resources and higher acuity in patients (Vahey, D. C., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Clarke, S. P., Vargas, D., 2004). Higher nurse workloads are directly associated with job burnout and job dissatisfaction which in turn causes more voluntary nurse turnover and relates to the increased nursing shortage. According to the Missouri Hospital Association the turnover rate of nurses has increased byRead MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagesdissertations on the Philippine military argue, in the words of a Chicago psychologist who observed the PMA in the mid-1960~~ that cadets form lifetime bonds. . . in the crucible of the hazing pro~ess.~ What is the meaning of this ritual with its extreme violence? Hazing, seemingly a small issue, has embedded within it larger problems of masculinity central to armies everywhere. 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Prohibiting acts of domestic violence from being treated as preexisting conditions. Ending health insurance denials and delays of necessary treatment for children with deformities. Elimination of lifetime limits. Prohibition against postretirement reductions of retiree health benefits by group health plans. Reinsurance program for retirees. Wellness program grants. ExtensionRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 Pageswithin HRSA’s Bureau of Health Professions focused on recruiting and retaining health professionals in underserved areas Pugh Matrix: A method for prioritizing and selecting options using a matrix to score alternatives against a set of evaluation criteria NP: Nurse Practitioner O OASIS: AF’s principal process improvement methodology Q QPG: Quality and Productivity Group OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the agency in the U.S. Department of Labor responsibleRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 Pagesprogram within HRSA’s Bureau of Health Professions focused on recruiting and retaining health professionals in underserved areas Pugh Matrix: A method for prioritizing and selecting options using a matrix to score alternatives against a set of evaluation criteria NP: Nurse Practitioner O OASIS: AF’s principal process improvement methodology Q QPG: Quality and Productivity Group OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the agency in the U.S. Department of Labor responsible for developingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8

Museums Essays - 10752 Words

Museum Museum, institution dedicated to helping people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and the record of humanity’s artistic, scientific, and technological achievements. Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance; care for them; and study, interpret, and exhibit them for the purposes of public education and the advancement of knowledge. There are museums in almost every major city in the world and in many smaller communities as well. Museums offer many benefits to their visitors, their communities, and society as a whole. As educational institutions, they offer unparalleled opportunities for self-directed learning and exploration by people of diverse ages,†¦show more content†¦Greek temples displayed votive offerings, statues, and paintings, which when displayed as a collection were known as pinakotheke (picture gallery). In the 5th century bc, the Prophylae, a hall in a building on the Acropolis in Athens, contained a collection of paintings that was available to the public. When the empire of Alexander the Great crumbled, the motivations for acquiring objects of art and history began to change. The interest in Greek civilization created a desire for its art. As a result, the ruined, neglected, or abandoned cities and shrines of the classical age were widely looted. The Romans displayed these paintings and sculptures in public places, or they were acquired by wealthy and powerful citizens for display in their private homes. When, in turn, the Roman Empire fell, the Vandals, the Goths, and other newcomers to the Mediterranean shores looted its treasures. In the Middle Ages, Christianity was the focal point for collecting. Cathedrals, churches, and monasteries became repositories for religious relics, jewels, precious metals, rare manuscripts, and fabrics. Beginning in the 7th century, spoils of the Crusades augmented these collections, as well as private collections. Collecting in the Islamic world and Asia followed similar patterns. Before ad 1000 royal collections of art objects were preserved in palaces and temples in China and Japan. Of particular noteShow MoreRelatedArt And Race : Museums And Museums1740 Words   |  7 PagesMuseums and Race Museums and institutions have to handle controversies and tough subject matter. There is no easy solution in handling them that will please everyone. However, there some ways that are better than others. For the issues that surround race, I believe there is one way that is better than the rest. I believe the correct way to display works of art or any other offensive work is to give the proper background context of the article. With this proper context, it is necessary to understandRead MoreMuseums And Museums Of Museums2444 Words   |  10 PagesMaintaining and increasing visitors to museums is essential to the existence of the institutions. Art Galleries, Children’s Museums, Anthropology Museums, Zoos, History Museums and other types of museums all depend on a steady stream of people coming to their institutions. Without a robust attendance, gallery halls are just empty, full of objects collecting dust. Objects and artifacts that the public and researchers are not viewing a re wasted opportunities to be an inspiration or to help gain newRead MoreArt Museum Vs. Private Museum1276 Words   |  6 PagesMuseum Comparison This paper compares four separate museums. The first two compared, are private art museums in the United States, compared to a private art museum in another country. Secondly, a university natural history museum is compared to another university natural history museum in a foreign country. The comparisons involve taking a closer look at the history, function, staffing, and programs at museums. Many reasons can lead collectors to starting a private museum. Whether collectorsRead MoreUniversity Art Museum1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe University Art Museum Case Analysis Suzana Duran MNGT 372 Professor Quimei Xu I. Relevant Facts/Background The Art Museum is a building on the university premises that is providing a place for the art collection of a university. The building was given to the university by an alumnus around 1929. The wealthy son of the universitys first president served as the museums unpaid director until his death. He brought a few extra collections to the museum during his service, and while servingRead MoreThe Museum Of Anthropology And The Smithsonian Museum1394 Words   |  6 PagesTry, if you would, to recall your last visit to a museum or other similar institution. Did you immediately accept the information presented to you as fact? Did you stop to think about how a particular exhibit represents a culture and whether or not it was accurate? Since their origin, museums were created for the purpose of preservation and interpretation of the material culture they exhibit, and have been the most widely accepted method for the dissemination of information pertaining to other culturesRead MoreThe Museum Of Natural History1155 Words   |  5 PagesMuseums are information organizations, that is, they are about giving the most up-to-date information to their patrons. No matter how well their organization, commercially, is wrap it up that part of them remains the same. From the two museums that I visited, the Henry Ford Museum and the Museum of Natural History, are clearly about passing information to the patron. There are differences between them, however, it is the equivalences that I want to focus on as they are what bind them. The three areasRead MoreThe Akron Art Museum912 Words   |  4 PagesAkron Art Museum The Akron Art Museum is an institute that combined a historic building heavily adorned with Italian Renaissance revival and classicism with a modern and radical steel and glass structure. The once 1899 Akron post office section of the museum houses the local and global pieces of Impressionistic art from the 1850s. The original building is wrapped with a deep red brick and limestone with triangular pediments and pilasters. In 2007, Coop Himmelb(l)au’s architect WolfRead MoreThe Atlanta Museum Of Art1124 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome the establishment now known as the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Since that first exhibition, the IMA has gone through several identity changes. They were first named, the Art Association of Indianapolis. Their next identity was as the John Herron Art Institute, which opened a whole new chapter, as they became â€Å"a campus featuring both a museum and an art school.† (History, 2017) Today, the IMA is one of the largest encyclope dic art museums in the nation. The IMA has had various leadership andRead MoreThe Cultural Heritage Of The Museum1804 Words   |  8 Pagesterrorist organizations in several countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, and Libya. As a matter of fact, the danger indicator has reached its highest point. Certainly, museum professionals currently face many challenges to protect their collections from human destruction. However, there are some important procedures the museum professional should follow to protect cultural heritage during times of crisis. The paper will investigate the destruction of the cultural heritage in these countries. ItRead MoreThe Museum : Kingston Museum And Heritage Service1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Name of museum: Kingston Museum and Heritage Service 2. Name of governing body: Kingston Upon Thames 3. Date on which this policy was approved by governing body: 17/02/2015 4. Date at which this policy is due for review: 17/02/2015 5. Museum’s statement of purpose 5.1. I am not sure of the museum’s statement. 6. An overview of current object handling 6.1. Unknown and not readily available for public knowledge 7. Themes and priorities for future object handling 7.1. Any contact or movement of an

Skewed Vision The False Ethics, American Athletic Essay Example For Students

Skewed Vision: The False Ethics, American Athletic Essay sSkewed vision: The False Ethics That Are Prevalent American AthleticsEvery morning, I get up at seven oclock and turn on my television so I can watch Sports Center. From time to time, there is a report about a college coach that called a press conference to comment on either the actions of one of the members of his team (coach included), or the actions of the program which he is a part of. I intentionally say he, because I have never seen a coach of a female program called on to defend his/her actions. The funny thing is, that after these coaches make the claims that they have no idea how this incident happened, they are called on again in a few years to make the same speech about another incident. Ive come to the conclusion that there is a problem with athletics in America. Either there is something wrong with the individual athletic programs, or there is something wrong with the body that governs those programs. Many people believe, including me, that the problem is not with the p rograms, but with the bodies that govern them. The problem that persist, is the fact that major organizations such as the NCAA, NBA, NFL, or NHL, are more concerned with the money that the athletes generate than with the moral standards that all of these groups promise to uphold. The simple truth is that these standards pale in comparison to the almighty dollar. In division three athletics, money is not an issue, you play for the love of the game and thats all. No scholarships, not much press, and a slim chance of playing on any higher level. Once you reach the level of division two though, those high standards that are preached to all high school students begin to lose there meaning. A coach fighting to keep his/her job might try anything to win. How many movies have been made about the illegal practices of college coaches and friends of the programs? How many times have we heard about a gifted athlete who can barley read? If the public knows about it, how come the NCAA, the group sworn to uphold their own moral standards, doesnt. How is it that a coach, who is fired for breaking the rules that the NCAA has set up, can go to another school and do the exact same things, and not get caught? The answer is simple, the NCAA would lose money by forcing its members to follow the rules, so they look the other way until the infractions are so blatant that they have to take action. Do the punishments fit the crimes though? Who is punished if a student is caught taking gifts from an unauthorized person? Not the individual, who knows that by giving the gift, he could ruin a kids career. They get a slap on the wrist and told to stop it. How about the college who was fully aware of the contact between the known sports agent and the star player on the basketball team? Does the agent loose his/her licenses? Is the school penalized for allowing inappropriate contact to be made? The answer is a resounding no. The ones who are punished are the student athletes. Even when schools are punished for bending the rules, the punishment is nothing more than a slap on the wrist. The program responsible for the wrongdoing might be suspended from tournament play for a few years, and barred from playing nationally televised games. The program will recover and the sc hool most likely has not lost all of its revenue from competitive athletics. The students, on the other hand, are immediately suspended from their respective teams, and in most cases, eventually lose their scholarships and possibly their only chance at getting a higher education. In the event that the athlete is on the verge of making it to the pros, being dismissed from their college team could hurt the athletes stock. If the NCAA were truly concerned about keeping a clean athletic coalition, then the penalties would be harsher, and would affect the schools more than they affect the students. Or perhaps the NCAA could find a way to penalize the agents that knowingly contact students who have potential to go pro. .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .postImageUrl , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:hover , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:visited , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:active { border:0!important; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:active , .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609 .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u453ad7029c21b43f4dd18e792c39c609:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The real monster EssayThe fact of the matter is that morality comes second to money in most cases. Unfortunately, athletics is no different. If this fact were not true, how many of our sports heros would even be known by the public? The Dallas Mavericks (a professional basketball team) signed Denis Rodman to a short-term contract, not because he was a great rebounder, but because he was sure to draw larger home crowds. Even when Rodman became disruptive to the team and had been suspended, management kept him on the pay role because of increased revenues. Rodman was eventually released from the team when he was costing the team more than he was making. Lattreal Sprewell cho ked his coach, and instead of being banned from the league for that type of violence, was re-instated a year later for a different team where he could make more money for the NBA. The NHL (National Hockey League) is the professional sports league that stands out as having the largest morality debt. Representatives from the league are on television often, talking about the sportsmanship in the game of hockey, but consider fighting part of the sport. Twice this year, players have hit opponents with their sticks. Though the players were both suspended, there has been no move to stop things like this from happening. By encouraging fighting by its players, the NHL has given the audience what it wants, and forced players to resort to dirtier practices to protect themselves. I truly believe that after high school, morality in sport becomes a crutch used when it is in the best interest of the program. From the Pros to the amateur level, coaches bend the rules as much as possible and as long as its not too blatant, the governing bodies look the other way. Division three and high school athletics are different from the other levels of play, because there is no incentive other than the game. Morality is simply an ends to a means when money is involved, and money, as always is king. Sports and Games

The 20s And Sinclair Lewis Essay Example For Students

The 20s And Sinclair Lewis Essay The theme in books by Sinclair Lewis1 relates to the time in which they were written. In both Babbit (1922) and Main Street (1920) Lewis shows us the American culture of the 1920s. He writes about the growing cities, the small towns, the common American man, the strong American need to conform, cultural integration, morals (or lack of in some cases), and he touches upon the women lib movement. All of these and more successfully describe the 1920s. The parties were bigger the pace was faster, the shows were bigger, the buildings were higher, the morals were looser2 F. Scott FitzgeraldLewis attacks the American middle class business man in Babbit. As Sheldon Grebstein once put it:They ( Lewiss characters ) become puppets rather than performers. ( S. Lewis, Amer. Author Series 68 )He uses the ideas and attitudes already in existence and gives them a plot. He uses sarcasm to show the readers the error of their ways and then makes the main character suffer some how to show the consequences of being the way George F. Babbit is. Americans felt a need to rise in social status in the 1920s. Things like art and religion did not even make it in the maybe pile. Money and social acceptance was number one in every household. We will write a custom essay on The 20s And Sinclair Lewis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His ( Americans ) only way to assume protective coloration, to loose himself in the crowd, and then to be approved by one of its members. ( S. Lewis, Amer. Author Series 78 )George F. Babbit. A forty-six, middle class, overweight, suburban real estate dealer. To add to the mix he is a father and a husband. Babbit is Lewiss picture of the middle class businessman. H.L. Menekan states: The fellow simply drips with human juices Every American city swarms with his brothers ( 20th Cent. Views 20-21 )Babbit , along with several others of his social status, belong to a club entitled the Athletes Club in which they prominently display their uniform narrow minded views with meaningless chatter. Like his business associates and colleagues, he values painstaking work in an effort to succeed. The thing which sets off the American from all other men and gives a peculiar colour not only to the pattern oh his daily life but also to the play of his inner ideas, is what, for want of a more exact ter m, maybe called social aspiration. That is to say, his dominant passion is apart- a passion to improve his position, to break down some shady barrier of caste, to achieve the countenance of what, for all his talk of equality, he recognizes and accepts as his betters. ( The American Credo 59 )3Babbits hometown of Zenith provides an example of the ideal 1920s community. The very first paragraph in the book states:The towers of Zenith aspired above and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods. They were neither citadels nor churches but frankly and beautifully office buildings. (Babbit )Lewis describes these towers in the first sentence by appearance and then uses sarcasm to cut into his dissatisfaction that these buildings are used for business rather than gathering people to prayer. This clearly shows the transition of priorities from church to work. During this time thing for the middle class to do was to take the grand tour of Europe. Also World War I was over and the boys just came back from Europe where they were for over a year. With the combination of these two, America was seeing a lot of European culture be incorporation into their own. When describing the Athletes Club he used the following:The entrance lobby was Gothic, the washroom Roman Imperial, the lounge Spanish Mission, and the reading room in Chinese Chippendale, but the gem of the club was the dinning-room, the masterpiece of Ferdinand Reitman, Zeniths busiest architect. It was lofty and half-timbered, with Tudor leaded casements, an oriole, a somewhat musician less musicians- gallery, and tapestries believed to illustrate the granting of the Magna Charta( Babbit 59)4This section shows all the different cultures under one roof. .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .postImageUrl , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:hover , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:visited , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:active { border:0!important; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:active , .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8 .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud99119adc5df6a6c9fb514eaa18840f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Randj EssayBabbits goals are dominated by hopes of fortune and luxury and he will do what ever is deemed necessary to be successful. Babbits job as a Realtor enables him to profit from selling cheaply made houses at an inflated price. He repeatedly bribes inspectors he sells. Babbit even offers farmer Mr. Prudy a price for his land with the knowledge that the beloved property is worth several times the businessmans offer. Conscience plays no role in the mind of the white collar businessman. Babbits business ethics are elastic. They can be stretched to condone bribery, lying, bullying, and conspiracy ( S. Lewis Amer. Author Series 79 )In the 1920s womens liberation movements stepped up a notch. Women were working, smoking, drinking, and speaking freely about any subject they choose including sex. Their dress hem lines rose from the ankles to the knees, these dresses were incredibly skimpy and so were the bathing suits. They wore unheard of amounts of makeup, all of these were only found in house of prostitution. One of these women was Babbits oldest child, Verona. The younger generation also had different ideas of work. Their ethics and priorities were not the same as in Babbits generation. Verona seeks a worthwhile experience as well as a job and her father looks no further than the zeros on his paycheck. Verona cares very little about how well shes paid or how the public perceives her. Babbits strong appreciation for work becomes more and more evident in the arguments with his son, Ted, involving his future. These conflicts feature Teds hunt for a quick path to success and his opposition to Babbits deep respect for arduous but steady way to reach the peak of success. Babbit disapproves of Ted lack of education and laziness. Main Street, another novel written by Sinclair Lewis, is also responsible for a similar pattern of 1920s culture. Its set just before the opening of the 1920s where conservative minds flourished and individuality was openly discouraged. The town is, in our tale, called Golfer Prairie, Minnesota. But its Main Street is the continuation of Main Streets everywhere. The story would be the same in Ohio or Montana, in Kansas or Kentucky or Illinois, and not very different would the story be told Up New York State or in the California Hills. ( Every Week, VI 9-10 )5 Carol Kennitcott, the main character, is a rare independent thinker in the 1920s. She was greatly interested in culture, particularly sociology. Her attendance at a college in Chicago prompted this fascination as well as introduced her to such liberties as feminism, syndicalism, and Chinese lyrics. After Carol got married, she moved to Golpher Prairie, Her new husbands small town. Upon their arrival, Carol took a thirty-two minute walk that struck new determination to change her surroundings for the better. She was startled at the sight of dilapidated buildings, lack of architectural planning and a common disconcern that was shared by the townspeople. Her disap pointment inspired the start of what would be several attempts at reformation. The first of those trials was an unusual party hosted by Carol. She manages to impress her guests with an old fashioned square dance and a game involving wolves and shepherds with the guests shoes being sheep. The highlight of the evening was the costumes worn during the Chinese concert. Unfortunately, at Chet Dashaways party a week later, the same groups of people resumed their old dull antics and pointless prattle. This situation foreshadows the outcome of other attempts made by Carol in that none of her ideas are successful. Another of Carols experiments is done after she joined the Thanatopsis Club, a womens literary organization. She tried to expand the collection of books by adding texts that were previously banned solely because of the authors controversial lives. Inevitably, her open minded ideas are not shared by the naive town librarian. .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .postImageUrl , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:hover , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:visited , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:active { border:0!important; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:active , .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf488c5215477c96c5e08d864e076ac7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bauhaus; architecture and functionalismCarol was not ready to give up yet. Various miscellaneous endeavors were made and were turned down by the townspeople. Such efforts were the modernizing of farmers wives rest rooms, a new city hall, plans for a farm bureau, lecture halls, and domestic science demonstrations. She also offered an idea to rebuild the town using the millions donated by Mr. Dawson but was, yet again, overruled. Her suggestion of helping the poor without merely donating funding was considered far too impractical and unrealistic. People were stubborn and thus held back by a need to conform. Evidence of the results of the nonconformist society is revealed when a schoolteacher is involved in a controversial situation. When Mrs. Fern Mullins allows her pupil Cy Bogart to escort her to a dance, accusations run wild about Cys intoxication as discovered by his mother that night. The irate townspeople lead to a forced teachers resignation and eventually to Ferns departure. Later Fern writes to Carol and informs her of even Ferns own families shame upon her and also of the refusal of another job by other teaching agencies. At last, Carol became utterly discouraged with her dozens of failed endeavors and left town. Even the most ambitious and educated are helpless in a town where tradition reigns over common sense. Through out the story of Carol Kennicott and her painstaking efforts, Main Street demonstrates conformity in small towns as well as the significance of conformity historically. It didnt matter wheather or not the people liked her ideas or if they were good for the comunity, her plans to change Golpher Prarie were denined and she was shunned for even thinking them. Change was not welcome in a small town. In Babbit and Main Street Sinclair Lewis repeataly shows his reactions to the new feeling of the 1920s. These times fueled him into writing his two most well known books in which he shows his fustration of selfish, Capitalistic, mid-western America.

Compare The Awakening To Madame Bovary Essays - Madame Bovary

Compare The Awakening To Madame Bovary Essays - Madame Bovary Compare The Awakening to Madame Bovary Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary are both tales of women indignant with their domestic situations; the distinct differences between the two books can be found in the authors' unique tones. Both authors weave similar themes into their writings such as, the escape from the monotony of domestic life, dissatisfaction with marital expectations and suicide. References to "fate" abound throughout both works. In The Awakening, Chopin uses fate to represent the expectations of Edna Pontellier's aristocratic society. Flaubert uses "fate" to portray his characters' compulsive methods of dealing with their guilt and rejecting of personal accountability. Both authors, however seem to believe that it is fate that oppresses these women; their creators view them subjectively, as if they were products of their respective environments. Chopin portrays Edna as an object, and she receives only the same respect as a possession. Edna's husband sees her as and looks, "...at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some damage." (P 2 : The Awakening) Chopin foils their marriage in that of the Ratignolles who, "...understood each other perfectly." She makes the classic mistake of comparing one's insides with others' outsides when she thinks, "If ever the fusion of two human begins into one has been accomplished on this sphere it was surely in their union." (P 56 : The Awakening) This sets the stage for her unhappiness, providing a point of contrast for her despondent marriage to Mr. Pontellier. She blames their marriage for their unhappiness declaring that, "...a wedding is one of the most lamentable spectacles on earth." (P 66 : The Awakening) She sees their lifetime pledge to fidelity and love as merely a social trap; the same forces that bind them oppress her. Simultaneously, Mademoiselle Reisz, who "...sent a keen tremor down Mrs. Pontellier's spinal column..." which perhaps is the tremor that marks the beginning of Edna's self discovery. "A certain light was beginning to dawn dimly within her, - the light which, showing the way, forbids it." (P 13 : The Awakening) As she explores her world, other men, swimming, and her other romantic pursuits, she experiences her epiphany; she finds that the world has much to offer and kills herself in the lamentation of that which she cannot truly have. Edna finds herself filled with "An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness...She did not sit there inwardly upbraiding her husband, lamenting at Fate, which had directed her footsteps to the path which they had taken." (P 6 : The Awakening) Edna takes an active part in finding happiness within her world. She pursues her swimming and other men in the interest of ending the monotony she lives with as a result of her being confined into her aristocratic society. Emma Bovary, being both protagonist and antagonist, by contrast experiences her epiphany solely at death. She takes the arsenic when she realizes all that she will not get from what she already has. Her light of discovery is found only in the darkness of her death. She laments not what she does not possess, but what happiness her world does not give her. Hers is a story of spiritual emptiness and foolish idealism. "...Emma tried to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words bliss, passion, ecstasy, that had seemed to her so beautiful in books." (P 24 : Madame Bovary) She searches for that which is found in the fantasy world of books in her own world and falls short of her expectations. Charles, her husband, she takes for granted as "She would have done so to the logs in the fireplace or to the pendulum of the clock." (P 44 : Madame Bovary) Flaubert allows her to see Charles as an object just as Mr. Pontellier sees his wife as an object. Although the characters are of the op posite sex, leaving both of the women displeased with their men, and moreover, their lives. Edna and Emma both use people (Emma is also used herself) when needed, and are discarded when they have outlived their usefulness: "Charles was someone to talk to, an ever-open ear, an

Language & Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Language & Culture - Essay Example As the essay stresses language diversity has always existed in America. It has never declared any national language in the last 200 years. Until two decades ago, Americans did not have to provide bilingual ballots, education, publications, and similar services at public expense. To manage diversity many nations had to declare an official language but America did not have to. In the 19th century state laws, constitution and legislative proceedings appeared in languages as diverse as Welsh, Norwegian, Czech, Spanish, French, and German. America has migrants from many countries of the world. Three US States are officially bilingual. Louisiana has English and French, New Mexico (English and Spanish), and Hawaii (English and Hawaiian). This discussion declares that it is impossible to generalize the meaning of an official language. If a small country like Iceland declares an official language it is workable but it is not practical for a country like Canada. Recently the colony of Puerto Rico ended its official bilingualism in favor of Spanish as its sole official language. Japan is not adopting English as the second official language and it fears that it would lose its leading position in the world. It fears losing its culture if English is added as the second official language. Canada is officially bilingual under the Official Languages Act and the Constitution of Canada that require the federal government to deliver services in both official languages, namely English and French. Approximately 25% of Canadians speak French.

The 1920's And the American Dream Speech or Presentation

The 1920's And the American Dream - Speech or Presentation Example In the 1920s, the viewpoint of the American Dream focuses on personal success in life regardless of their origin and social status. According to this perspective, the most important thing is for an individual to work hard in attaining their goals. Reference to this can be drawn from the book â€Å"Advertising the American Dream: Making way for Modernity† by Marchand Roland. In this work, the author gives a description of a character in which case he feels this figure represents the quintessential 1920s person who is living the American Dream. The writer says that this man not only succeeds in the fast-paced, contemporary urban milieu of tall storied structures, taxicabs, and luxury driven people, but also perceives himself well-experienced in the latest moves in fashion, modern lingo as well as popular activities. The book’s relationship to the American Dream is seen in the number of times it talks about the Great Gatsby. On the contrary, any reader of the work cannot d eny the link between the writers definition of the man living the American Dream and the Portrayal of Jay Gatsby, who works his way from a humble background to become a millionaire (Marchand, 99). In the Great Gatsby, the protagonist epitomizes the issue of personal success. We see an individual who is financially successful as well as in the social status, ultimately creating a novel individual out of himself regardless of his underprivileged past life. It is however evident that all the wealth that Gatsby acquires associated with the American Dream eventually lead to its demise. Consumerism and Excess material Wealth The 1920s and the American Dream is marked by consumerism and acquisition of excess material wealth. This identifies the culture of wealthy Americans as seen in Gatsby. At any moment Gatsby finds the opportunity, she displays seen through the lurid style of outfit. She has a huge mansion in which case she organizes frequent parties to show off to the rest of the Ameri can populace how hard working she has become. The American Dream in the 1920s can as well be referred to in terms of Veblen’s work, â€Å"The Theory of the Leisure Class.† He points out that a person gaining and sustaining the admiration of men is not sufficient through controlled wealth and power (Fitzgerald, 140). According to Veblen, the wealth and power should be put into substantiation. Veblen who advocates for the idea of conspicuous consumption that precisely describes the events in the Great Gatsby is attempting to establish that individuals that emanate from humble backgrounds and attain wealth through their hard-work, try to destroy reverence and admiration by showing off through purchases. Houses shown in the Great Gatsby are conceivably the most evident indicators of the inexorable completion to proclaim personal status. This is because a majority of the rich try to outshine each other in the size and amenities of their homes. It can therefore

Lanzones Peelings as Mosquito Coil Essay Example for Free

Lanzones Peelings as Mosquito Coil Essay 1. SUMMARY Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behavior and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way education is often practiced today. UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) Sustainable development is a difficult concept to define; it is also continually evolving, which makes it doubly difficult to define. One of the original descriptions of sustainable development is credited to the Brundtland Commission: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, p 43). Sustainable development is generally thought to have three components: environment, society, and economy. The well-being of these three areas is intertwined, not separate. For example, a healthy, prosperous society relies on a healthy environment to provide food and resources, safe drinking water, and clean air for its citizens. The sustainability paradigm rejects the contention that casualties in the environmental and social realms are inevitable and acceptable consequences of economic development. Thus, the authors consider sustainability to be a paradigm for thinking about a future in which environmental, societal, and economic considerations are balanced in the pursuit of development and improved quality of life A widely accepted definition is â€Å"development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. Currently we are not even meeting the needs of the present let alone considering the needs of future generations. The United Nations have declared 2005 – 2014 as the decade for Sustainable development, in an effort to reverse Sustainability is now recognize to be a key area of development for the education sector. In particular, the policy and practice context points to the need to consider how best to embed it into higher education learning and teaching strategies and curricula. The Higher Education Academy is currently undertaking a program of development activity and capacity building so as to better assist institutions and subject communities in their development of curricula and pedagogy to equip students with the skills and knowledge to live and work sustainably. This recognize the importance of increasing sustainability literacy among students and the growing demand for sustainability skills among employers. Current work includes a baseline research study to identify existing good practice in the sector. The impacts of global warming and climate change is said to be â€Å"the greatest injustice of our time†. The world’s poorest people have contributed least to its cause but they are the ones who suffer most from its devastating effects. Poor and developing countries are the most that are at risk due to long term flawed natural resource management practices and policies, increased population density and settlements in fragile eco-systems, increased demand on environment and natural resources, poor governance and prevalence of corruption. The acceleration of changing weather patterns due to global climate change aggravate further the underlying risk that many poor and developing countries are facing. Poverty incidence is higher in areas where natural disasters occur. The poor are mostly located in the rural areas and are dependent on agriculture, fishery and livestock that are inherently climate sensitive. Farmers and indigenous peoples in upland communities live in landslide prone areas and the poor in the urban areas live in hazardous areas like along riverbanks. â€Å"Poor households and poor nations throughout much of the world face two disadvantages: the inability to generate income and the vulnerability to physical social and economic downturns. Drought, flood, conflict, inflation, disease and recession hit these groups and countries hardest. Furthermore, repeated exposure to these downturns reinforces the conditions of poverty.† Whatever progress we make from our poverty reduction and community development initiatives; these are shattered the day after a disaster. These clearly states that disasters do not only worsen poverty in poor and developing countries but by the same token undermine past, current and future efforts to tackle poverty. DRR, Literacy and Education Over the past years, we saw the transformation of many disaster responses from emergency and relief response during or immediately after a disaster, towards a Mn ore comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approach. Likewise, Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction Programs using participatory approaches are being conducted in many countries by government and non-government organizations. Since the adoption by 186 UN member states of the Hyogo Framework for Action, promotion of DRR in education had been taken, specifically in the formal education sector. Policy guidelines, tools and methodologies had been developed to guide policy makers, implementers and practitioners in integrating DRR in education. This includes not only integrating and mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in education but as well as developing guidelines in school building construction. The Philippines is one country where this initiative was pilot tested. Several materials related to this had been developed by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and other agencies and organizations. A wealth of DRR education materials had also been developed – the Asia-Pacific Cultural Center for UNESCO (ACCU) Planet 4 module on disaster preparedness is one very good example. Literacy and education is crucial to Disaster Risk Reduction. Reducing risks and enhancing people’s resilient capacities to deal with disasters requires them to understand how they could best protect themselves. Literacy and education is a necessity in raising awareness on the nature and presence of natural hazards as well as the vulnerabilities and threats faced by the community. It plays a central role in building life skills that could make a difference in life threatening situations during disasters. DRR and ESD Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, disaster reduction has been recognized as an integral component of sustainable development (Chapter 3 of Agenda 21) and the cross-sectoral nature of disaster risk reduction was again emphasized in 2002 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The linkage between disaster risk reduction education and sustainable development had been visible on other international agendas. Disaster Risk Reduction encompasses economic, political, cultural, social and environmental dimensions and that formal and non-formal education initiative under this theme is consistent with the frameworks of ESD in three important ways: 1. Education for disaster risk reduction is interdisciplinary. Therefore, important consideration is given to the impacts on, and relationship between, society, the environment, economy and culture. 2. Education for disaster risk reduction promotes critical thinking and problem solving and other social and emotional life skills that are essential to the empowerment of stakeholder groups threatened or affected by disasters. 3. Education for disaster risk reduction supports the Millennium Development Goals. Without considering Disaster Risk Reduction in development planning, all efforts including, decades of development initiatives could be destroyed in seconds. ESD in a Climate Changed World The nature of disasters in our climate changed world placed us to come into terms with our past and current behaviors, lifestyle practices and our views of society, the economy, the world, the environment and humanity in general. It bared the flaws of our past and current development models and paradigms that gave birth to our current environmental and climate predicament. It exposed who are vulnerable and who are accountable and revealed the cause and effect relationship between disaster and development from a global to local perspective. The risk posed by the threats of climate change to humanity is a strong urgent call for us to rethink the dominant views that influence the social, political, cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of our lives. No problem can be solved by the same consciousness that created it. We must learn to see the world anew. Our current challenges in the face climate changed induced disasters opens up an avenue to question the current dominant for m of development and education that brought us these problems. It gave us the reality of our current context to reflect on our current education frameworks and a platform to create the kind of education that will save us. Despite many International Agreements and Declarations on the Right to Education, millions of children and youth are still out of school and millions of adults are still unable to read and write. Without education, these children, youth and adults face a very bleak future and are denied of their ability to develop their full potential – a massive loss of human potential that could aid in eradicating poverty and in achieving sustainable development. Understanding the Right to Education As well as being a right in itself, the right to education is also an enabling right. Education ‘creates the â€Å"voice† through which rights can be claimed and protected’, and without education people lack the capacity to ‘to achieve valuable functionings as part of the living’. If people have access to education they can develop the skills, capacity and confidence to secure other rights. Education gives people the ability to access information detailing the range of rights that they hold, and government’s obligations. It supports people to develop the communication skills to demand these rights, the confidence to speak in a variety of forums, and the ability to negotiate with a wide range of government officials and power holders. Our Constitutions Bill of Rights provides that No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Lack of education incapacitates an individual to assert and protect his own rights. The Right of Suffrage provides that no literacy requirements shall be imposed on the exercise of the right to vote. However, lack of education compromises a voter’s position to exercise his right to vote wisely for his and his countrys benefit. Education is a powerful tool that can provide people, especially the poor and vulnerable groups with the necessary knowledge, awareness, skills and competencies to transform their conditions. It is a primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and obtain the means to participate fully in their communities. It has a vital role in empowering women, safeguarding children from exploitative and hazardous labor and sexual exploitation, promoting human rights and democracy, protecting the environment, and controlling population growth. It is a tool for empowerment – a powerful means to beat poverty. Unfortunately, these ideas however explicit remain poorly understood and internalized by our â€Å"educated† policy and decision makers in government. Twisted priorities and distorted values even outright corruption have crept in such that construction of buildings, purchase of school facilities, task forces and even feeding programs have become the milking cow of those in certain higher echelons of government. Learning interventions, alternative education programs and other support services to address shortcomings of the educational system will remain as that – stop-gap, isolated and spotty no matter how heroic, noble and outstanding the efforts of certain public servants and civil society sectors are – because a makeshift solution can be sustainable only to a certain extent and can never take the place of a mandate and a policy on education bolstered by a Constitutional guarantee which is s till to be fully implemented. Neither the call for Charter Change nor the lip service of those in the business of education can bring about substantial change in the education system. Enlightened sectors in public and civil society need support and encouragement to enable them to show the way and serve as models for the process of education. Various issues affecting local populace can be opportunities for people’s organizations, community and area groups to galvanize and demand for their education needs and other rights. There has to be a consistent lobby for the state to deliver on its obligation on the right to education. For so long as structural and material projects are given precedence in public investments by government to the detriment of education and other social development projects, the quality of education and, consequently, even our overall economy will remain poor and stunted. 2. REACTION It is not unusual to encounter a study expounding that there is something terribly wrong with the country. But we dont know exactly what it is that were doing wrong. Thus the appeal of events like this launch. I must admit that in reading the Report, I cant help but feel alarmed. It is particularly stressing to read that the state of education continues to deteriorate. One of the most striking observations in the Report is made in its companion paper. It points out that the issues we confronted in the colonial times persist today. This strikes me deeply. Education has always been one of my core advocacies. So I found it personally illuminating that the Report used the education sector as the model for analysis. The significance of education is highlighted best during times of crisis. A well-educated citizenry is our best bet in taking advantage of the eventual rebound of world economies. When the upswing starts, our people must be there to compete. And the key here, as the Report points out, is to break the stasis in education. What drew my attention in the report was the presence of success stories. It is wonderful that out of all the issues, we do have successful endeavors to share. The Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP) and Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM) are welcome developments. But beyond this, we should take note of the Reports more insightful points. For one, it is enlightening to read that contrary to traditional thinking, funding, may not be the biggest obstacle to educational reforms. This is a good point. Greater changes can happen if we address organizational culture, and improve professional managerial expertise. By saying this, the Report gives us the chance to effect reforms that are not heavily dependent on funding. Yes, the report is quite distressing. But I cant help but agree with its main points. If we are to do some good, we must change institutions. Piecemeal reforms produce piecemeal results. The same philosophy pushed me to spearhead the creation of COMSTE, which works through a Technical Advisory Council of which Doctor Balisacan is a prominent member. Its job is to undertake a national review and assessment of the science, technology and engineering research and development system of the country. The intention is to make reforms that will boost competitiveness in key areas: science, math and engineering education, health services, energy and environment, food and agriculture, IT and IT-enabled services, and semiconductors and electronics. COMSTE operates on certain key assumptions. There have been technological, socio-political and economic trends that have changed the nature and practice in the targeted sectors. However, the laws and rules governing the regulation and practice of professions have not kept up. Indeed, these laws have not been updated for decades. In addition, our laws and structures governing the development of educational curricula and the hiring of experts have become too rigid. In a way that mirrors the theme of the Report, our curricula ended up being so tied down with formal rules, they suffocated. This gave rise to a culture of instruction that is unbending and incapable of adapting to rapid development. 3. RELATED TO THE LESSON From the time sustainable development was first endorsed at the UN General Assembly in 1987, the parallel concept of education to support sustainable development has also been explored. From 1987 to 1992, the concept of sustainable development matured as committees discussed, negotiated, and wrote the 40 chapters of Agenda 21. Initial thoughts concerning ESD were captured in Chapter 36 of Agenda 21, Promoting Education, Public Awareness, and Training. Unlike most education movements, ESD was initiated by people outside of the education community. In fact, one major push for ESD came from international political and economic forums (e.g., United Nations, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization of American States). As the concept of sustainable development was discussed and formulated, it became apparent that education is key to sustainability. In many countries, ESD is still being shaped by those outside the education community. The concepts and content of ESD in these cases are developed by ministries, such as those of environment and health, and then given to educators to deliver. Conceptual development independent of educator input is a problem recognized by international bodies as well as educators.

Wind Power Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Wind Power Energy production causes more pollution than any other industry in the country. Currently, nearly all of the electricity produced in the United States is generated by fossil fuel plants, nuclear plants, and hydroelectric plants. The build-up in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels now threatens far-reaching climate change. In addition to global warming, conventional methods of electricity generation release the gases responsible for acid rain, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. In order to prevent further degradation of our environment and successfully transition to a sustainable society, we must change our current patterns of production and consumption. Conservation and switching to renewable sources of energy, such as wind power, are crucial steps to achieving this goal of sustainability. Wind power alone has the potential to meet 20 percent or more of the world's electricity needs within the next four to five years, (J ohansson, 157). Wind power, however, is still a developing technology, and is therefore far from reaching its full potential. How Wind Machines Work: Wind is the product of sunlight heating the surface of the Earth unevenly. Warmer air rises and cooler air tumbles in to replace it, causing everything from gentle breezes to raging tornadoes. Whatever the amount of power in the wind, it can be harnessed by a machine called a wind turbine. The most common type of wind turbine has a horizontal axis, with two or more aerodynamic blades mounted on the horizontal shaft, (AccessScience, "Types of Wind Machines"). As the wind passes over a turbine's blade, pressure forms on the downwind side, thrusting it upward like a propeller. In these... ... state's consumers the choice of who supplies their electric power and how that power is produced. With the implementation of at least some of these changes, wind power will eventually become a clean source of energy that all people can afford to rely on. Â   Sources: AccessScience.com. keyword: "Wind Power." Carley, Sanya, Sierra Curtis-McLane, and Galen O'Toole. "Renewable Energy at Swarthmore." April 15, 2001. Jacobson, Mark Z. and Gilbert M. Masters. "Exploiting Wind Versus Coal." www.sciencemag.org. August 24, 2001 Johansson, Thomas B. Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity. Island Press, Washington D.C., 1993. Raabe, Steve and Joey Bunch. "Advocates Say Wind Power Progressing from Novelty to Mainstream Practicality." The Denver Post Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. April 20, 2003. www.newwindenergy.com www.pennfuture.org

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 60-62

CHAPTER 60 Sangreal†¦ Sang Real†¦ San Greal†¦ Royal Blood†¦ Holy Grail. It was all intertwined. The Holy Grail is Mary Magdalene†¦the mother of the royal bloodline of Jesus Christ.Sophie felt a new wave of disorientation as she stood in the silence of the ballroom and stared at Robert Langdon. The more pieces Langdon and Teabing laid on the table tonight, the more unpredictable this puzzle became. â€Å"As you can see, my dear,† Teabing said, hobbling toward a bookshelf,† Leonardo is not the only one who has been trying to tell the world the truth about the Holy Grail. The royal bloodline of Jesus Christ has been chronicled in exhaustive detail by scores of historians.† He ran a finger down a row of several dozen books. Sophie tilted her head and scanned the list of titles: THE TEMPLAR REVELATION:Secret Guardians of the True Identity of Christ THE WOMAN WITH THE ALABASTER JAR: Mary Magdalene and the Holy Grail THE GODDESS IN THE GOSPELS Reclaiming the Sacred Feminine â€Å"Here is perhaps the best-known tome,† Teabing said, pulling a tattered hardcover from the stack and handing it to her. The cover read: HOLY BLOOD, HOLY GRAIL The Acclaimed International Bestseller Sophie glanced up. â€Å"An international bestseller? I've never heard of it.† â€Å"You were young. This caused quite a stir back in the nineteen eighties. To my taste, the authors made some dubious leaps of faith in their analysis, but their fundamental premise is sound, and to their credit, they finally brought the idea of Christ's bloodline into the mainstream.† â€Å"What was the Church's reaction to the book?† â€Å"Outrage, of course. But that was to be expected. After all, this was a secret the Vatican had tried to bury in the fourth century. That's part of what the Crusades were about. Gathering and destroying information. The threat Mary Magdalene posed to the men of the early Church was potentially ruinous. Not only was she the woman to whom Jesus had assigned the task of founding the Church, but she also had physical proof that the Church's newly proclaimed deity had spawned a mortal bloodline. The Church, in order to defend itself against the Magdalene's power, perpetuated her image as a whore and buried evidence of Christ's marriage to her, thereby defusing any potential claims that Christ had a surviving bloodline and was a mortal prophet.† Sophie glanced at Langdon, who nodded. â€Å"Sophie, the historical evidence supporting this is substantial.† â€Å"I admit,† Teabing said,† the assertions are dire, but you must understand the Church's powerful motivations to conduct such a cover-up. They could never have survived public knowledge of a bloodline. A child of Jesus would undermine the critical notion of Christ's divinity and therefore the Christian Church, which declared itself the sole vessel through which humanity could access the divine and gain entrance to the kingdom of heaven.† â€Å"The five-petal rose,† Sophie said, pointing suddenly to the spine of one of Teabing's books. The same exact design inlaid on the rosewood box. Teabing glanced at Langdon and grinned. â€Å"She has a good eye.† He turned back to Sophie. â€Å"That is the Priory symbol for the Grail. Mary Magdalene. Because her name was forbidden by the Church, Mary Magdalene became secretly known by many pseudonyms – the Chalice, the Holy Grail, and the Rose.† He paused. â€Å"The Rose has ties to the five-pointed pentacle of Venus and the guiding Compass Rose. By the way, the word rose is identical in English, French, German, and many other languages.† â€Å"Rose,† Langdon added,† is also an anagram of Eros, the Greek god of sexual love.† Sophie gave him a surprised look as Teabing plowed on.† The Rose has always been the premiere symbol of female sexuality. In primitive goddess cults, the five petals represented the five stations of female life – birth, menstruation, motherhood, menopause, and death. And in modern times, the flowering rose's ties to womanhood are considered more visual.† He glanced at Robert. â€Å"Perhaps the symbologist could explain?† Robert hesitated. A moment too long. â€Å"Oh, heavens!† Teabing huffed. â€Å"You Americans are such prudes.† He looked back at Sophie. â€Å"What Robert is fumbling with is the fact that the blossoming flower resembles the female genitalia, the sublime blossom from which all mankind enters the world. And if you've ever seen any paintings by Georgia O'Keeffe, you'll know exactly what I mean.† â€Å"The point here,† Langdon said, motioning back to the bookshelf,† is that all of these books substantiate the same historical claim.† â€Å"That Jesus was a father.† Sophie was still uncertain. â€Å"Yes,† Teabing said. â€Å"And that Mary Magdalene was the womb that carried His royal lineage. The Priory of Sion, to this day, still worships Mary Magdalene as the Goddess, the Holy Grail, the Rose, and the Divine Mother.† Sophie again flashed on the ritual in the basement. â€Å"According to the Priory,† Teabing continued,† Mary Magdalene was pregnant at the time of the crucifixion. For the safety of Christ's unborn child, she had no choice but to flee the Holy Land. With the help of Jesus' trusted uncle, Joseph of Arimathea, Mary Magdalene secretly traveled to France, then known as Gaul. There she found safe refuge in the Jewish community. It was here in France that she gave birth to a daughter. Her name was Sarah.† Sophie glanced up. â€Å"They actually know the child's name?† â€Å"Far more than that. Magdalene's and Sarah's lives were scrutinously chronicled by their Jewish protectors. Remember that Magdalene's child belonged to the lineage of Jewish kings – David and Solomon. For this reason, the Jews in France considered Magdalene sacred royalty and revered her as the progenitor of the royal line of kings. Countless scholars of that era chronicled Mary Magdalene's days in France, including the birth of Sarah and the subsequent family tree.† Sophie was startled. â€Å"There exists a family tree of Jesus Christ?† â€Å"Indeed. And it is purportedly one of the cornerstones of the Sangreal documents. A complete genealogy of the early descendants of Christ.† â€Å"But what good is a documented genealogy of Christ's bloodline?† Sophie asked. â€Å"It's not proof. Historians could not possibly confirm its authenticity.† Teabing chuckled. â€Å"No more so than they can confirm the authenticity of the Bible.† â€Å"Meaning?† â€Å"Meaning that history is always written by the winners. When two cultures clash, the loser is obliterated, and the winner writes the history books – books which glorify their own cause and disparage the conquered foe. As Napoleon once said, ‘What is history, but a fable agreed upon?'†He smiled. â€Å"By its very nature, history is always a one-sided account.† Sophie had never thought of it that way.† The Sangreal documents simply tell the other side of the Christ story. In the end, which side of the story you believe becomes a matter of faith and personal exploration, but at least the information has survived. The Sangreal documents include tens of thousands of pages of information. Eyewitness accounts of the Sangreal treasure describe it as being carried in four enormous trunks. In those trunks are reputed to be the Purist Docum ents – thousands of pages of unaltered, pre- Constantine documents, written by the early followers of Jesus, revering Him as a wholly human teacher and prophet. Also rumored to be part of the treasure is the legendary† Q† Document – a manuscript that even the Vatican admits they believe exists. Allegedly, it is a book of Jesus' teachings, possibly written in His own hand.† â€Å"Writings by Christ Himself?† â€Å"Of course,† Teabing said. â€Å"Why wouldn't Jesus have kept a chronicle of His ministry? Most people did in those days. Another explosive document believed to be in the treasure is a manuscript called The Magdalene Diaries – Mary Magdalene's personal account of her relationship with Christ, His crucifixion, and her time in France.† Sophie was silent for a long moment. â€Å"And these four chests of documents were the treasure that the Knights Templar found under Solomon's Temple?† â€Å"Exactly. The documents that made the Knights so powerful. The documents that have been the object of countless Grail quests throughout history.† â€Å"But you said the Holy Grail was Mary Magdalene.If people are searching for documents, why would you call it a search for the Holy Grail?† Teabing eyed her, his expression softening. â€Å"Because the hiding place of the Holy Grail includes a sarcophagus.† Outside, the wind howled in the trees. Teabing spoke more quietly now. â€Å"The quest for the Holy Grail is literally the quest to kneel before the bones of Mary Magdalene. A journey to pray at the feet of the outcast one, the lost sacred feminine.† Sophie felt an unexpected wonder. â€Å"The hiding place of the Holy Grail is actually†¦ a tomb?† Teabing's hazel eyes got misty. â€Å"It is. A tomb containing the body of Mary Magdalene and the documents that tell the true story of her life. At its heart, the quest for the Holy Grail has always been a quest for the Magdalene – the wronged Queen, entombed with proof of her family's rightful claim to power.† Sophie waited a moment as Teabing gathered himself. So much about her grandfather was still not making sense. â€Å"Members of the Priory,† she finally said,† all these years have answered the charge of protecting the Sangreal documents and the tomb of Mary Magdalene?† â€Å"Yes, but the brotherhood had another, more important duty as well – to protect the bloodline itself. Christ's lineage was in perpetual danger. The early Church feared that if the lineage were permitted to grow, the secret of Jesus and Magdalene would eventually surface and challenge the fundamental Catholic doctrine – that of a divine Messiah who did not consort with women or engage in sexual union.† He paused. â€Å"Nonetheless, Christ's line grew quietly under cover in France until making a bold move in the fifth century, when it intermarried with French royal blood and created a lineage known as the Merovingian bloodline.† This news surprised Sophie. Merovingian was a term learned by every student in France. â€Å"The Merovingians founded Paris.† â€Å"Yes. That's one of the reasons the Grail legend is so rich in France. Many of the Vatican's Grail quests here were in fact stealth missions to erase members of the royal bloodline. Have you heard of King Dagobert?† Sophie vaguely recalled the name from a grisly tale in history class. â€Å"Dagobert was a Merovingian king, wasn't he? Stabbed in the eye while sleeping?† â€Å"Exactly. Assassinated by the Vatican in collusion with Pepin d'Heristal. Late seventh century. With Dagobert's murder, the Merovingian bloodline was almost exterminated. Fortunately, Dagobert's son, Sigisbert, secretly escaped the attack and carried on the lineage, which later included Godefroi de Bouillon – founder of the Priory of Sion.† â€Å"The same man,† Langdon said,† who ordered the Knights Templar to recover the Sangreal documents from beneath Solomon's Temple and thus provide the Merovingians proof of their hereditary ties to Jesus Christ.† Teabing nodded, heaving a ponderous sigh. â€Å"The modern Priory of Sion has a momentous duty. Theirs is a threefold charge. The brotherhood must protect the Sangreal documents. They must protect the tomb of Mary Magdalene. And, of course, they must nurture and protect the bloodline of Christ – those few members of the royal Merovingian bloodline who have survived into modern times.† The words hung in the huge space, and Sophie felt an odd vibration, as if her bones were reverberating with some new kind of truth. Descendants of Jesus who survived into modern times. Her grandfather's voice again was whispering in her ear. Princess, I must tell you the truth about your family. A chill raked her flesh. Royal blood. She could not imagine. Princess Sophie. â€Å"Sir Leigh?† The manservant's words crackled through the intercom on the wall, and Sophie jumped. â€Å"If you could join me in the kitchen a moment?† Teabing scowled at the ill-timed intrusion. He went over to the intercom and pressed the button. â€Å"Remy, as you know, I am busy with my guests. If we need anything else from the kitchen tonight, we will help ourselves. Thank you and good night.† â€Å"A word with you before I retire, sir. If you would.† Teabing grunted and pressed the button. â€Å"Make it quick, Remy.† â€Å"It is a household matter, sir, hardly fare for guests to endure.† Teabing looked incredulous. â€Å"And it cannot wait until morning?† â€Å"No, sir. My question won't take a minute.† Teabing rolled his eyes and looked at Langdon and Sophie. â€Å"Sometimes I wonder who is serving whom?† He pressed the button again. â€Å"I'll be right there, Remy. Can I bring you anything when I come?† â€Å"Only freedom from oppression, sir.† â€Å"Remy, you realize your steak au poivre is the only reason you still work for me.† â€Å"So you tell me, sir. So you tell me.† CHAPTER 61 Princess Sophie. Sophie felt hollow as she listened to the clicking of Teabing's crutches fade down the hallway. Numb, she turned and faced Langdon in the deserted ballroom. He was already shaking his head as if reading her mind. â€Å"No, Sophie,† he whispered, his eyes reassuring. â€Å"The same thought crossed my mind when I realized your grandfather was in the Priory, and you said he wanted to tell you a secret about your family. But it's impossible.† Langdon paused. â€Å"Sauniere is not a Merovingian name.† Sophie wasn't sure whether to feel relieved or disappointed. Earlier, Langdon had asked an unusual passing question about Sophie's mother's maiden name. Chauvel. The question now made sense.† And Chauvel?† she asked, anxious. Again he shook his head. â€Å"I'm sorry. I know that would have answered some questions for you. Only two direct lines of Merovingians remain. Their family names are Plantard and Saint-Clair. Both families live in hiding, probably protected by the Priory.† Sophie repeated the names silently in her mind and then shook her head. There was no one in her family named Plantard or Saint-Clair. A weary undertow was pulling at her now. She realized she was no closer than she had been at the Louvre to understanding what truth her grandfather had wanted to reveal to her. Sophie wished her grandfather had never mentioned her family this afternoon. He had torn open old wounds that felt as painful now as ever. They are dead, Sophie.They are not coming back.She thought of her mother singing her to sleep at night, of her father giving her rides on his shoulders, and of her grandmother and younger brother smiling at her with their fervent green eyes. All that was stolen. And all she had left was her grandfather. And now he is gone too. I am alone. Sophie turned quietly back to The Last Supper and gazed at Mary Magdalene's long red hair and quiet eyes. There was something in the woman's expression that echoed the loss of a loved one. Sophie could feel it too. â€Å"Robert?† she said softly. He stepped closer.† I know Leigh said the Grail story is all around us, but tonight is the first time I've ever heard any of this.† Langdon looked as if he wanted to put a comforting hand on her shoulder, but he refrained.† You've heard her story before, Sophie. Everyone has. We just don't realize it when we hear it.† â€Å"I don't understand.† â€Å"The Grail story is everywhere, but it is hidden. When the Church outlawed speaking of the shunned Mary Magdalene, her story and importance had to be passed on through more discreet channels†¦ channels that supported metaphor and symbolism.† â€Å"Of course. The arts.† Langdon motioned to The Last Supper. â€Å"A perfect example. Some of today's most enduring art, literature, and music secretly tell the history of Mary Magdalene and Jesus.† Langdon quickly told her about works by Da Vinci, Botticelli, Poussin, Bernini, Mozart, and Victor Hugo that all whispered of the quest to restore the banished sacred feminine. Enduring legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, King Arthur, and Sleeping Beauty were Grail allegories. Victor Hugo's Hunchback of Notre Dame and Mozart's Magic Flute were filled with Masonic symbolism and Grail secrets. â€Å"Once you open your eyes to the Holy Grail,† Langdon said,† you see her everywhere. Paintings. Music. Books. Even in cartoons, theme parks, and popular movies.† Langdon held up his Mickey Mouse watch and told her that Walt Disney had made it his quiet life's work to pass on the Grail story to future generations. Throughout his entire life, Disney had been hailed as† the Modern-Day Leonardo Da Vinci.† Both men were generations ahead of their times, uniquely gifted artists, members of secret societies, and, most notably, avid pranksters. Like Leonardo, Walt Disney loved infusing hidden messages and symbolism in his art. For the trained symbologist, watching an early Disney movie was like being barraged by an avalanche of allusion and metaphor. Most of Disney's hidden messages dealt with religion, pagan myth, and stories of the subjugated goddess. It was no mistake that Disney retold tales like Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, and Snow White – all of which dealt with the incarceration of the sacred feminine. Nor did one need a background in symbolism to understand that Snow White – a princess who fell from grace after partaking of a poisoned apple – was a clear allusion to the downfall of Eve in the Garden of Eden. Or that Sleeping Beauty's Princess Aurora – code-named† Rose† and hidden deep in the forest to protect her from the clutches of the evil witch – was the Grail story for children. Despite its corporate image, Disney still had a savvy, playful element among its employees, and their artists still amused themselves by inserting hidden symbolism in Disney products. Langdon would never forget one of his students bringing in a DVD of The Lion King and pausing the film to reveal a freeze-frame in which the word SEX was clearly visible, spelled out by floating dust particles over Simba's head. Although Langdon suspected this was more of a cartoonist's sophomoric prank than any kind of enlightened allusion to pagan human sexuality, he had learned not to underestimate Disney's grasp of symbolism. The Little Mermaid was a spellbinding tapestry of spiritual symbols so specifically goddess-related that they could not be coincidence. When Langdon had first seen The Little Mermaid, he had actually gasped aloud when he noticed that the painting in Ariel's underwater home was none other than seventeenth-century artist Georges de la Tour's The Penitent Magdalene – a famous homage to the banished Mary Magdalene – fitting decor considering the movie turned out to be a ninety-minute collage of blatant symbolic references to the lost sanctity of Isis, Eve, Pisces the fish goddess, and, repeatedly, Mary Magdalene. The Little Mermaid's name, Ariel, possessed powerful ties to the sacred feminine and, in the Book of Isaiah, was synonymous with† the Holy City besieged.† Of course, the Little Mermaid's flowing red hair was certainly no coincidence either. The clicking of Teabing's crutches approached in the hallway, his pace unusually brisk. When their host entered the study, his expression was stern. â€Å"You'd better explain yourself, Robert,† he said coldly. â€Å"You have not been honest with me.† CHAPTER 62 â€Å"I'm being framed, Leigh,† Langdon said, trying to stay calm. You know me.I wouldn't kill anyone. Teabing's tone did not soften. â€Å"Robert, you're on television, for Christ's sake. Did you know you were wanted by the authorities?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Then you abused my trust. I'm astonished you would put me at risk by coming here and asking me to ramble on about the Grail so you could hide out in my home.† â€Å"I didn't kill anyone.† â€Å"Jacques Sauniere is dead, and the police say you did it.† Teabing looked saddened. â€Å"Such a contributor to the arts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Sir?† The manservant had appeared now, standing behind Teabing in the study doorway, his arms crossed. â€Å"Shall I show them out?† â€Å"Allow me.† Teabing hobbled across the study, unlocked a set of wide glass doors, and swung them open onto a side lawn. â€Å"Please find your car, and leave.† Sophie did not move. â€Å"We have information about the clef de voute.The Priory keystone.† Teabing stared at her for several seconds and scoffed derisively. â€Å"A desperate ploy. Robert knows how I've sought it.† â€Å"She's telling the truth,† Langdon said. â€Å"That's why we came to you tonight. To talk to you about the keystone.† The manservant intervened now. â€Å"Leave, or I shall call the authorities.† â€Å"Leigh,† Langdon whispered,† we know where it is.† Teabing's balance seemed to falter a bit. Remy now marched stiffly across the room. â€Å"Leave at once! Or I will forcibly – â€Å"Remy!† Teabing spun, snapping at his servant. â€Å"Excuse us for a moment.† The servant's jaw dropped. â€Å"Sir? I must protest. These people are – â€Å"I'll handle this.† Teabing pointed to the hallway. After a moment of stunned silence, Remy skulked out like a banished dog. In the cool night breeze coming through the open doors, Teabing turned back to Sophie and Langdon, his expression still wary. â€Å"This better be good. What do you know of the keystone?† In the thick brush outside Teabing's study, Silas clutched his pistol and gazed through the glass doors. Only moments ago, he had circled the house and seen Langdon and the woman talking in the large study. Before he could move in, a man on crutches entered, yelled at Langdon, threw open the doors, and demanded his guests leave. Then the woman mentioned the keystone, and everything changed.Shouts turned to whispers. Moods softened. And the glass doors were quickly closed. Now, as he huddled in the shadows, Silas peered through the glass. The keystone is somewhere inside the house.Silas could feel it. Staying in the shadows, he inched closer to the glass, eager to hear what was being said. He would give them five minutes. If they did not reveal where they had placed the keystone, Silas would have to enter and persuade them with force. Inside the study, Langdon could sense their host's bewilderment. â€Å"Grand Master?† Teabing choked, eyeing Sophie. â€Å"Jacques Sauniere?† Sophie nodded, seeing the shock in his eyes.† But you could not possibly know that!† â€Å"Jacques Sauniere was my grandfather.† Teabing staggered back on his crutches, shooting a glance at Langdon, who nodded. Teabing turned back to Sophie. â€Å"Miss Neveu, I am speechless. If this is true, then I am truly sorry for your loss. I should admit, for my research, I have kept lists of men in Paris whom I thought might be good candidates for involvement in the Priory. Jacques Sauniere was on that list along with many others. But Grand Master, you say? It's hard to fathom.† Teabing was silent a moment and then shook his head. â€Å"But it still makes no sense. Even if your grandfather were the Priory Grand Master and created the keystone himself, he would never tell you how to find it. The keystone reveals the pathway to the brotherhood's ultimate treasure. Granddaughter o r not, you are not eligible to receive such knowledge.† â€Å"Mr. Sauniere was dying when he passed on the information,† Langdon said. â€Å"He had limited options.† â€Å"He didn't need options,† Teabing argued. â€Å"There exist three senechaux who also know the secret. That is the beauty of their system. One will rise to Grand Master and they will induct a new senechal and share the secret of the keystone.† â€Å"I guess you didn't see the entire news broadcast,† Sophie said. â€Å"In addition to my grandfather, three other prominent Parisians were murdered today. All in similar ways. All looked like they had been interrogated.† Teabing's jaw fell. â€Å"And you think they were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The senechaux,†Langdon said.† But how? A murderer could not possibly learn the identities of all four top members of the Priory of Sion! Look at me, I have been researching them for decades, and I can't even name one Priory member. It seems inconceivable that all three senechaux and the Grand Master could be discovered and killed in one day.† â€Å"I doubt the information was gathered in a single day,† Sophie said. â€Å"It sounds like a well-planned decapiter.It's a technique we use to fight organized crime syndicates. If DCPJ wants to move on a certain group, they will silently listen and watch for months, identify all the main players, and then move in and take them all at the same moment. Decapitation. With no leadership, the group falls into chaos and divulges other information. It's possible someone patiently watched the Priory and then attacked, hoping the top people would reveal the location of the keystone.† Teabing looked unconvinced. â€Å"But the brothers would never talk. They are sworn to secrecy. Even in the face of death.† â€Å"Exactly,† Langdon said. â€Å"Meaning, if they never divulged the secret, and they were killed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Teabing gasped. â€Å"Then the location of the keystone would be lost forever!† â€Å"And with it,† Langdon said,† the location of the Holy Grail.† Teabing's body seemed to sway with the weight of Langdon's words. Then, as if too tired to stand another moment, he flopped in a chair and stared out the window. Sophie walked over, her voice soft. â€Å"Considering my grandfather's predicament, it seems possible that in total desperation he tried to pass the secret on to someone outside the brotherhood. Someone he thought he could trust. Someone in his family.† Teabing was pale. â€Å"But someone capable of such an attack†¦ of discovering so much about the brotherhood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused, radiating a new fear. â€Å"It could only be one force. This kind of infiltration could only have come from the Priory's oldest enemy.† Langdon glanced up. â€Å"The Church.† â€Å"Who else? Rome has been seeking the Grail for centuries.† Sophie was skeptical. â€Å"You think the Church killed my grandfather?† Teabing replied,† It would not be the first time in history the Church has killed to protect itself. The documents that accompany the Holy Grail are explosive, and the Church has wanted to destroy them for years.† Langdon was having trouble buying Teabing's premise that the Church would blatantly murder people to obtain these documents. Having met the new Pope and many of the cardinals, Langdon knew they were deeply spiritual men who would never condone assassination. Regardless of the stakes. Sophie seemed to be having similar thoughts. â€Å"Isn't it possible that these Priory members were murdered by someone outside the Church? Someone who didn't understand what the Grail really is? The Cup of Christ, after all, would be quite an enticing treasure. Certainly treasure hunters have killed for less.† â€Å"In my experience,† Teabing said,† men go to far greater lengths to avoid what they fear than to obtain what they desire. I sense a desperation in this assault on the Priory.† â€Å"Leigh,† Langdon said,† the argument is paradoxical. Why would members of the Catholic clergy murder Priory members in an effort to find and destroy documents they believe are false testimony anyway?† Teabing chuckled. â€Å"The ivory towers of Harvard have made you soft, Robert. Yes, the clergy in Rome are blessed with potent faith, and because of this, their beliefs can weather any storm, including documents that contradict everything they hold dear. But what about the rest of the world? What about those who are not blessed with absolute certainty? What about those who look at the cruelty in the world and say, where is God today? Those who look at Church scandals and ask, who are these men who claim to speak the truth about Christ and yet lie to cover up the sexual abuse of children by their own priests?† Teabing paused. â€Å"What happens to those people, Robert, if persuasive scientific evidence comes out that the Church's version of the Christ story is inaccurate, and that the greatest story ever told is, in fact, the greatest story ever sold† Langdon did not respond. â€Å"I'll tell you what happens if the documents get out,† Teabing said. â€Å"The Vatican faces a crisis of faith unprecedented in its two-millennia history.† After a long silence, Sophie said,† But if it is the Church who is responsible for this attack, why would they act now? After all these years? The Priory keeps the Sangreal documents hidden. They pose no immediate threat to the Church.† Teabing heaved an ominous sigh and glanced at Langdon. â€Å"Robert, I assume you are familiar with the Priory's final charge?† Langdon felt his breath catch at the thought. â€Å"I am.† â€Å"Miss Neveu,† Teabing said,† the Church and the Priory have had a tacit understanding for years. That is, the Church does not attack the Priory, and the Priory keeps the Sangreal documents hidden.† He paused. â€Å"However, part of the Priory history has always included a plan to unveil the secret. With the arrival of a specific date in history, the brotherhood plans to break the silence and carry out its ultimate triumph by unveiling the Sangreal documents to the world and shouting the true story of Jesus Christ from the mountaintops.† Sophie stared at Teabing in silence. Finally, she too sat down. â€Å"And you think that date is approaching? And the Church knows it?† â€Å"A speculation,† Teabing said,† but it would certainly provide the Church motivation for an all-out attack to find the documents before it was too late.† Langdon had the uneasy feeling that Teabing was making good sense. â€Å"Do you think the Church would actually be capable of uncovering hard evidence of the Priory's date?† â€Å"Why not – if we're assuming the Church was able to uncover the identities of the Priory members, then certainly they could have learned of their plans. And even if they don't have the exact date, their superstitions may be getting the best of them.† â€Å"Superstitions?† Sophie asked.† In terms of prophecy,† Teabing said,† we are currently in an epoch of enormous change. The millennium has recently passed, and with it has ended the two-thousand-year-long astrological Age of Pisces – the fish, which is also the sign of Jesus. As any astrological symbologist will tell you, the Piscean ideal believes that man must be told what to do by higher powers because man is incapable of thinking for himself. Hence it has been a time of fervent religion. Now, however, we are entering the Age of Aquarius – the water bearer – whose ideals claim that man will learn the truth and be able to think for himself. The ideological shift is en ormous, and it is occurring right now.† Langdon felt a shiver. Astrological prophecy never held much interest or credibility for him, but he knew there were those in the Church who followed it very closely. â€Å"The Church calls this transitional period the End of Days.† Sophie looked skeptical. â€Å"As in the end of the world? The Apocalypse?† â€Å"No.† Langdon replied. â€Å"That's a common misconception. Many religions speak of the End of Days. It refers not to the end of the world, but rather the end of our current age – Pisces, which began at the time of Christ's birth, spanned two thousand years, and waned with the passing of the millennium. Now that we've passed into the Age of Aquarius, the End of Days has arrived.† â€Å"Many Grail historians,† Teabing added,† believe that if the Priory is indeed planning to release this truth, this point in history would be a symbolically apt time. Most Priory academics, myself included, anticipated the brotherhood's release would coincide precisely with the millennium. Obviously, it did not. Admittedly, the Roman calendar does not mesh perfectly with astrological markers, so there is some gray area in the prediction. Whether the Church now has inside information that an exact date is looming, or whether they are just getting nervous on account of astrological prophecy, I don't know. Anyway, it's immaterial. Either scenario explains how the Church might be motivated to launch a preemptive attack against the Priory.† Teabing frowned. â€Å"And believe me, if the Church finds the Holy Grail, they will destroy it. The documents and the relics of the blessed Mary Magdalene as well.† His eyes grew heavy. â€Å"Then, my dear, with the Sang real documents gone, all evidence will be lost. The Church will have won their age-old war to rewrite history. The past will be erased forever.† Slowly, Sophie pulled the cruciform key from her sweater pocket and held it out to Teabing. Teabing took the key and studied it. â€Å"My goodness. The Priory seal. Where did you get this?† â€Å"My grandfather gave it to me tonight before he died.† Teabing ran his fingers across the cruciform. â€Å"A key to a church?† She drew a deep breath. â€Å"This key provides access to the keystone.† Teabing's head snapped up, his face wild with disbelief. â€Å"Impossible! What church did I miss? I've searched every church in France!† â€Å"It's not in a church,† Sophie said. â€Å"It's in a Swiss depository bank.† Teabing's look of excitement waned. â€Å"The keystone is in a bank?† â€Å"A vault,† Langdon offered. â€Å"A bank vault?† Teabing shook his head violently. â€Å"That's impossible. The keystone is supposed to be hidden beneath the sign of the Rose.† â€Å"It is,† Langdon said. â€Å"It was stored in a rosewood box inlaid with a five-petal Rose.† Teabing looked thunderstruck. â€Å"You've seen the keystone?† Sophie nodded. â€Å"We visited the bank.† Teabing came over to them, his eyes wild with fear. â€Å"My friends, we must do something. The keystone is in danger! We have a duty to protect it. What if there are other keys? Perhaps stolen from the murdered senechaux? If the Church can gain access to the bank as you have – â€Å" â€Å"Then they will be too late,† Sophie said. â€Å"We removed the keystone.† â€Å"What! You removed the keystone from its hiding place?† â€Å"Don't worry,† Langdon said. â€Å"The keystone is well hidden.† â€Å"Extremely well hidden, I hope!† â€Å"Actually,† Langdon said, unable to hide his grin,† that depends on how often you dust under your couch.† The wind outside Chateau Villette had picked up, and Silas's robe danced in the breeze as he crouched near the window. Although he had been unable to hear much of the conversation, the word keystone had sifted through the glass on numerous occasions. It is inside. The Teacher's words were fresh in his mind. Enter Chateau Villette. Take the keystone. Hun no one. Now, Langdon and the others had adjourned suddenly to another room, extinguishing the study lights as they went. Feeling like a panther stalking prey, Silas crept to the glass doors. Finding them unlocked, he slipped inside and closed the doors silently behind him. He could hear muffled voices from another room. Silas pulled the pistol from his pocket, turned off the safety, and inched down the hallway.